Sarbak Gábor (szerk.): Der Paulinerorden. Geschichte - Geist - Kultur - Művelődértörténeti műhely 4/2. (Budapest, 2010)
Geschichte
по Kapisztrán Varga against far more Conventual houses than were in fact taken over by the Observants. The transfer often did not take place because the owner of the town where the monastery lay, or the owner of the land upon which monastery stood opposed the transfer to defy the Hunyadi family, who strongly encouraged the transfer of Conventual houses to the Observants. György Brankovics did this when he blocked the transfer of Szatmár to the Observants.28 The influence of the secular arm in the affairs of the more significant houses can hardly be underestimated, as we have already seen in the case of the Pauline monasteries in the Bakony hills, where members of the local nobility very much “desired the fraternal company of the Franciscans of the strict observance.”29 Three events of enormous consequence took place in the 1450s: Saint John of Capistrano visited Hungary; the Hungarian forces defeated the invading Turkish army at Nándorfehérvár30 (1456); and the Observants were placed under the authority of the Conventual minister-general (1457). In this decade, six more observant houses were founded.31 The house at Györgyi would have been the only one in a sparselypopulated area, had Egyed Igali not established - if not exactly without permission, then at least in very dubious circumstances - a small hermitage at Igal which brothers could use as a base for itinerant preaching. This reflects a characteristically observant practice. In 1443, when they were based in the shire of Pécs, Igal and Gergely Hetesi had already asked the pope to allow the Observants either to move into or build two houses similar to the one at Igal. It also appears from the request that they wished to establish the two houses in the shire of Veszprém, where there were as yet no Observant houses. Yet when an autonomous Hungarian vicariate was established in 1448, Igal decided not to join it, since he knew his independent ways would not be tolerated, and indeed, from 1462, steps were taken to prevent actions similar to the one that had occurred at Igal from happening again. From this year onwards, we find no further mention of this hermitage.32 Nevertheless, from the perspective of my research, the existence of this more-or-less unauthorised house is significant, since, when it is taken into account, of the six new houses established in the 1450s, one was located in a village, and one was a hermitage. In the 1460s, seven houses were established. The only hermitage was the small friary in Uzsaszentlélek, which the Paulines had given to the Observants in 1460.33 In the 1470s, the Observants took over the partially completed house in Jászberény from the Provincia Hungáriáé. They also established houses in the villages of Okolicsnó34 (before 1477) and Petróc35 (before 1480). In this lean decade, therefore, two out of the three new houses were located in villages. 28 Karácsonyi, I. 266. 29 Karácsonyi, 11.201. 30 [Beograd]. 31 They took over the house in Újlak [Ilok] from the Provincia Hungáriáé in 1451. Gyula (before 1452), Paks (before 1460), and Szentlászló [in Croatia near Daruvár] (before 1460) were also urban houses. 32 Karácsonyi, II. 80-81. 33 The other houses were in Monoszló [Moslavina] (after 1460), Tata (before 1462), Galgóc [Hlohovec] (1465), Hunyad [Hunedoara] (1465) originally built for the Augustinians, Szakolca [Skalica] (1467), and Szécsény, which was transferred from the Provincia Hungáriáé in 1468. 34 [Okoliőné]. 35 [Petrovce nad Laborcom].