László Kálmán: Papers from the Mókus Conference - Segédkönyvek a nyelvészet tanulmányozásához 84. (Budapest, 2008)
Ágnes Lukács - Péter Rebrus - Miklós Törkenczy: Paradigmatic space and defectiveness in Hungarian: An empirical study
Defectiveness 139 2 Verbal stem/affix classes and defectiveness in Hungarian According to the stem-final CV pattern of their allomorphs and the distribution of these allomorphs in their paradigms there are five classes of verb stems in Hungarian. Stable VC-stems always end in a VC string and stable CC-stems and defective stems always end in a CC string. Epenthetic1 non-ik stems and epenthetic ik-stems alternate: some of their allomorphs are VC-final, others are CC-final. This is shown in (1) below (the hyphens that appear in some of the forms below are there to help identify the stem alternant, but have no theoretical status): (1) Morphophonological stem classes (CV patterns) i. stable VC-stem (stable): always VC(synthetic vs. analytic forms) e.g.: rámol ‘arrange’ rámol-ok vs. rámol-hat ii. epenthetic, non-г/с (alternating): CC- ~ VC-в. g.: söpör ‘sweep’ söpr-ök vs. söpör-het iii. epenthetic ik-stem (alternating): CC- ~ VC-в.g.: oml-ik ‘collapse’ oml-ok vs. omol-hat iv. defective (CC-)stem (stable): always CC-e.g.: háml-ik ‘peel’ háml-ok vs. *hám(o)l-hat V. stable CC-stem (stable): always CC-в.g.: hord ‘wear’ hord-ok vs. hord-hat The difference between epenthetic non -ik stems vs. epenthetic ik- stems (both have both CC-final and VC-final allomorphs) and defective stems vs. stable CC- stems (both have CC-final allomorphs only) is in the way the allomorphs are distributed among the cells in the paradigms of these stem-classes (depending on the type of suffix the given stem combines with in the cell). Verbal suffixes fall into three morphophonological classes1 1 2 in Hungarian according to the suffix-initial CV pattern. Synthetic suffixes are always vowel-initial,3 analytic suffixes are always consonant-initial and quasi-analytic suffixes alternate. Traditionally, suffixes of the last type are assumed to begin with a ’linking vowel’ which is present in one allomorph (which appears after consonant cluster final stems) but is missing from the other (which appears after stems ending in a single consonant). The three classes of affixes are shown in (2): 1 We use epenthetic as a convenient traditional label to refer to these verbs and make no claim about the phonological status of the alternating vowel. 2For the sake of simplicity we disregard the past tense suffix, whose classification as synthetic or quasi-analytic is a problematic issue (cf. Rebrus 2000, Siptár & Törkenczy 2000, Rebrus & Trón 2005). Since the past suffix is clearly non-analytic, this problem has no bearing on the analysis of defectiveness. 3Pre-synthetic suffix verb-stem allomorphs end in a consonant except when they contain the conditional suffix -(V)na/ne/ná/né, which ends in a vowel. Synthetic suffixes lose their initial vowel after the conditional suffix: e.g., ü/root-a^c0ND-fcsynthetjc suffix ‘sit’ 1Sg.Indef.Cond.